Performing Arts Essays
   

The Chile You Don't Know About
A Continent Without Borders
Classical Notes
Tomas
The Play That Dare Not...
The Small History of Chile

 
A Night at the Opera
"El Desquite"
"From One to Ten..."
What a Circus
Los Huasos
Los Tres
   


THE CHILE YOU DON’T KNOW ABOUT

By Irene Caselli

“Pain” at Universidad Mayor

(Dec. 3, 2004) “It’s a tale of the real Chile, the one you don’t see in the soap operas or hear about in the news,” says Rodrigo Pérez about his latest production.

“The part of Chile in which you don’t live, but you know about,” adds Marcela Millie, one of the actresses.

“Pain,” written by young Chilean playwright Javier Riveros, is the story of the part of Chile that has been left behind, the part that doesn’t benefit from the APEC leaders’ summit because it was born on the wrong side of town.

The graduate production of 13 promising young actors, the first generation of theater students to come out of Santiago’s Universidad Mayor, “Pain” was put on stage under the skillful guidance of actor and director Pérez, the new chairman of the university’s fledgling drama department, lodged in one of the school’s newly restored buildings in the central Calle Santo Domingo.

“Pain” tells the story of a sister and a brother, Lula and Jun, living in one of Santiago’s poblaciones with their mother. Lula is ugly and Jun is homosexual, “it’s a disgrace,” their mother screams out convulsively. They’re poor and hungry, but they have each other.

“It’s a story of marginality, of how one can be marginalized in life in an economic, social or cultural sense,” Pérez tells me. “It’s the journey of two kids that belong to this world and that want to get out of it.”

Asked why he chose such a dense text for a student production, Pérez chuckles and says that it is the very function of theater to make people think about the social context in which we live.

“It’s about marginality simply because that is what there is. There is nothing fictitious about it,” says the director.

As he showed in his previous play, “Provincia Kapital” (which will be showing again at the Teatro a Mil Festival next January – for a review, See ST, Sept. 10), Pérez is a firm supporter of Bertolt Brecht’s idea that theater should denounce the world’s atrocities. Only by doing so can an actor fulfill his true role, which is strictly social, he says.

In “Pain,” a melodramatic story of a poor family becomes political when the spectator recognizes the main characters as people that could be living a few meters away from them.

“Many of my friends told me they knew a Jun that worked in the corner shop and a Lula that they met every day on the way to work,” Pérez explains.

In the play, Lula, Jun and their mother are doubled – each has an exact doppelganger.

“By doing that, I give spectators a space to reflect,” says Perez.

He explains that he needed to adapt the original text to 13 actors, and thought about doubling the main characters in order to obtain Brecht’s “Verfremdungseffekt” (alienation effect). Seeing two versions of the same character on stage works to reduce the dramatic effect of the moment, gives a different rhythm to the play, adds elements of humor and reveals the secrets of theater. It ultimately gives the spectator the chance to distance himself from the play proper and reflect on the simulacrum that is the real world.

Following the rubric of Brecht’s epic theater, Pérez tries to stimulate the viewers to learn, react and make decisions so that they can ultimately walk out of the theater with a changed, more critical perspective, even the will to alter society.

The words in English spoken out during the play – including the title itself – are the result of the continuous bombarding of the national culture from the English-speaking, globalized world.

“Culturally we are a hybrid in Chile, especially in comparison to the rest of Latin America. The continuous use of English words in our everyday life reflects this phenomenon,” says Pérez.

But the play is not only the fruit of Pérez’s social engagement. As the director himself points out, “Pain” comes out of a “very affectionate encounter with these students, who have a predisposition to learn.”

“All the work was done by them,” he admits proudly.

They did the production and stage design for the play. If you phone up to ask for information or reserve the tickets, you are likely to have a chat with one of them.

“Working with Rodrigo was incredible: he transmits love and is always reflecting on political and artistic themes,” says Millie, one of his cast.

They got together in a theater company called “La Falta,” a word that means absence or lack, a concept they took from the work of Chilean novelist Diamela Eltit, she explains.

The 25-year-old actress plays Lula, and stands out for her impressive voice (“I will be a teacher’s assistant in voice training next semester,” she says shyly).

“The ‘falta’ we talk about in the play is the result of a much more extreme life than the one we lead. But everyone experiences this loneliness. The ‘falta’ we talk about is something that belongs to us all, it’s the product of our society,” Millie tells me.

“Many spectators have recognized the characters. They belong to our Santiago, to our Chile. The part of Chile in which you don’t live, but you know about,” she concludes.
 

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A CONTINENT WITHOUT BORDERS
Viña del Mar Cinema Festival Promotes Latin American Cooperation

By Irene Caselli

(Oct. 15, 2004) The Viña del Mar International Film Festival goes back to its roots this year.

Born in the 1960s, the festival sought to create a space in which Latin American directors could exchange ideas and experiences, in a moment in which revolutionary movements throughout the continent were stating the importance of creating “one united Latin America.”

Thanks to a group of young Chilean film-makers under the direction of pediatrician and film director Aldo Francia, the first festival in 1967 saw the participation of representatives of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, Chile, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela.

And it made history, marking the beginning of a new movement.

“Viña del Mar was the beginning: for the first time everybody met, names took shape, we saw films, a common project assumed a real consistency,” Brazilian Cosme Alves Netto, director of the cinema section of Rio de Janeiro’s Museum of Modern Art, says.

“For that generation of producers and directors in Latin America, Viña was important. They always remember it with affection and like coming back to it,” Luciano Tarifeño, director of the festival, tells the Santiago Times.

But the years went by, dictatorships came, and the festival disappeared.

When democracy returned to Chile in 1990, those Chilean directors – finally back from their exiles – gave new life to the international meeting. By then many more Latin American festivals – in Havana (Cuba), Guadalajara (Mexico) and Miami (United States), to name but three – had established their name internationally.

Viña del Mar has gradually become part of that list, making a major contribution to the Ibero-American independent film movement.

These days the week-long festival, now in its 16th incarnation, presents 12 Hispanic films competing for the Golden Paoa – a stick-shaped, two-faced figure Roman god Janus (who symbolized beginnings), especially created for the festival in the 1960s by an artisan from Easter Island.

Beside the 12 feature films – which include Andrés Wood’s 2004 “Machuca” and the premiere of Nicolás López’s “Promedio Rojo” from Chile – the festival presents a retrospective of Brazilian and Cuban films and one of Chilean director Silvio Caiozzi (including his 2004 “Cachimba”), showings of children’s films and documentaries, as well as an international and a national competition of short films.

“Cooperation is necessary between Latin American countries,” explains festival director Tarifeño.

True to this belief, Tarifeño and the other organizers of the event thought it necessary to host the Chilean premiere of Walter Salles’ 2004 “Diarios de Motocicleta (The Motorcycle Diaries)” at this year’s edition of the festival.

Brazilian Salles – co-producer of the 2002 award-winning “City of God” – based the film on the trip that Argentine revolutionary Ernesto “Che” Guevara made with his friend Alberto Granado across South America in 1952.

That trip, described in published journals by both Guevara and Granado, marked an important moment in the life of both men, especially of Guevara. During the journey the two friends experienced the suffering and injustices of the continent and Guevara was inspired to adopt a more radical stand that later made him one of the leaders of the Cuban revolution.

“I am the one to blame for that trip,” Granado, now 82, says with a mischievous smile. “It was my motorbike (a 1939 Norton 500 dubbed “La Poderosa (The Mighty One),” on which the two friends started their 8-month journey), I was 29 and Ernesto was only 23.”

Talking to reporters in Viña del Mar, Granado explains that “trips give you the capability of understanding that there are many things that need changing” and that he was glad to have had the chance to experience the differences and the similarities of Latin America.

He adds that he agreed with Salles and the film’s producers (amongst them he mentions the film’s creative consultant, Italian journalist and Latin America expert Gianni Minà) on making the film only at three conditions: that the language used would be Spanish, that the scenes would be shot in the same locations visited by Guevara and Granado 50 years before, and that the actors would be local – “I didn’t want to hear Argentines trying to sound like Chileans and so on.”

The final result was innovative. Directed by a Brazilian, starring Mexican Gael García Bernal as Guevara and Argentine Rodrigo De la Serna as Granado together with other Argentine, Peruvian and Chilean actors, and filmed in Argentina, Peru and Chile, the film is truly Latin American.

“This film captures what this festival has sponsored since 1967, it reflects the real nature of this event,” Tarifeño tells me.

“Since its founding date the festival has tried to work as an umbrella for different Latin American realities, has promoted cooperation as well as exchanges of ideas,” the festival director adds.

“This film created a big problem. Now one can talk about Bolivarian cinema. We realized that we can make films amongst us (Latin Americans) and we understood that we should make this happen and emerge as a bloc, as a strong presence,” García – the 25-year-old emerging star of independent cinema – tells reporters in Viña.

“We share the same language, if not the same idiosyncrasies, the same irreverence, the same problems; we have the same age.

“For this reason we should make an effort so that at the next Cannes festival there won’t be only one little sector with Argentine films, a little one with Mexican films, and another one with Chilean films ... There should be one only big Latin American contingent, where we can all feel represented and help each other,” García concludes.

And Granado agrees with him, adding that this film will help create a Latin American feeling.

“This film will open new roads, it will open new eyes, something that books and radio stations can’t do,” Granado says. “Thanks to this film, at the age of 82, I learnt that the magic of cinema exists.”

“The Motorcycle Diaries” was not only the result of cooperation and exchange of ideas, it was the result of a journey of discovery throughout the continent, or rather of two journeys: the 1952 one that inspired the film and the one that the film crew – including the actors and Granado, who actively contributed to the creation of the film – made in 2002, 50 years later.

“These borders are fragile, ephemeral. As soon as you start travelling, you realize that they automatically disappear. They are administrative, bureaucratic borders ... By crossing them you can find this Latin American feeling, that is deep down the way one gets to know oneself,” García tells the Santiago Times.

And the program of the festival reflects how ephemeral these borders are, how similar the issues to be handled are (for example the distribution – as director Caiozzi says during a press conference, “the dramatic thing is that there are all these films, but nobody realizes it, nobody knows our films”), but also opens a window onto the immense diversity of the countries that compose this continent.

Look at the short films for example. “El último Golpe del Caballero (The Knight’s Last Strike)” – an eight-minute colorful Colombian animation with a classical music soundtrack in high contrast with a video-game plot – competes, amongst others, against Chile’s 14-minute “El Tiempo que Quieran (All The Time They Want)” – a delicate and tender account of the relationship between 8-year-old Felipe and his dying grandfather.

Ultimately the Viña del Mar Cinema Festival achieves what it set out to do. It offers a spectrum of Latin American filmic reality, creates a space for directors and actors to discuss and confront their work, and helps build what for Simon Bolivar and Guevara was the only solution to the problems of this immense continent: “one united Latin America.”

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CLASSICAL NOTES

By Russell Hobart

Perhaps 20 years ago on a warm summer day you were sitting at the piano, reluctantly pounding away at the keys while your friends were out playing soccer, football, or even "Kick the Can." Every day at four o´clock after classes your mom forced you to practice for some abstract reason like "culture," when all you really wanted was to catch frogs or torture bugs with a magnifying glass. She told you that some day you´d appreciate this but eventually you wore her down and the lessons stopped.

Now all these years later you've got a high-class Chilean girl (or guy depending on your sex and or "life-style" choices) that you´re trying to impress, but when it comes to wowing her with the breadth of your cultural education in music, your brain gives you a read-back of "file not found." In desperation, you may have already run out to the record store looking for a music version to "Cliff Notes." Well, fate has decided to shine her capricious light your way with a brief overview of the upcoming performances of the Symphonic Orchestra of Chile and its history.

Perhaps during dinner beforehand you can tell her (of course with false pauses to show that you're extracting bits of memory) that the symphony was organized in the beginning of the 1940s, for the altruistic purpose of bringing beautiful music to the entire country. It has kept to this ideal, touring the country as far north as Arica and as far south as Tierra del Fuego, to a total of 50 times in its fifty-five years. It often accompanies the National Ballet in such performances as "Carmina Burana," or the National Choir in works like "Requiem Aleman." There has been a wide range of famous visiting conductors, some of whom are Chileans who have been plying their trade overseas.

In 1987, the University of Chile, which had joined the Symphony in '81, opened the doors of the Center of Artistic and Cultural Extension to frequent performances. The theater, smack-dab in the middle of Plaza Italia, has three main sections. The first and most expensive section has worse (but still quite clear) acoustics than the second section, its main purpose being for the pretentious and those with bum knees. The second or balcony section puts you right on line with the stage and features the best views of the players and the most powerful acoustics. The unwashed sit high above, where the sound is still good and their scent can float harmlessly into the rafters.

For this week's performance (August 8,9), as you enter the theater and see the names, you can comment on how Alexander Borodin was a member of Russia's Group of Five, who sought to unite the varied musical heritage. They will perform his In the Steppes of Central Asia, an allegory of the reign of Alexander II. Following this is Sergei Rachmaninov's Concert for Piano and Orchestra #4. You can even put in that much of his work was done while in the U.S. with Philadelphia's Symphony and that the piano will be played by the renowned Ilya Itin. The night will end with Concert for Orchestra by Hungarian Bela Bartok. Bartok, a sort of musical anthropologist (ala Paul Simon), grabbed bits and pieces from various musical traditions. This eclectic mix is handled by German conductor, Lothar Koenigs, who has studied at the top universities in Germany and is the Conductor of Muenster Orchestra. He also travels frequently to other orchestras.

The following week(Aug. 15,16) begins with Schubert's Fifth Symphony in B flat Major. One of the great masters of Vienna, Schubert headed the first generation of "Romantics". His music, as well displayed in this piece, features flowing and direct melodies. The music of Dimitri Shostakovich, often made to keep one step ahead of the censors in the former Soviet Union, is featured in Concert for Cello and Orchestra #1. His problems with censors stemmed from his interest in traditional Russian-Jewish melodies. The cellist will be eighteen year-old Rafal Kwiatkowski, from Poland. The last work of the night will be one written by Johannes Brahms, Symphony #2 in d Major, which features this composers powerful style. Also of significance in this weekend is the return of American conductor, Irwin Hoffman. He heads the Chilean Symphony Orchestra along with that of Costa Rica.

All performances start at 7:30 p.m.. The prices on the main floor are $8000; $4000 for the second floor; and $1500 for the nose-bleeds with a 50% discount with a student I.D.

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TOMAS

By Bridget Cowan

A naked man and woman step out of the shadows and prowl around the stage, clambering up and down ladders and swinging on beams which link together an upper and lower level.

This ambiguous scene near the beginning of "Tomas" is a warning of what lies ahead in the new play by Chile's most important young director, Andres Perez.

The play, based on a true story by comedienne/actress, Malucha Pinta, tells of the trauma experienced by her family when the last son, her brother, Tomas, was born with severe brain damage. As it becomes apparent that Tomas will never walk or talk, their comfortable, happy life falls apart. The family is stripped of any superficial stability, leaving its members stranded with only the barest shreds of emotions. Heavy as this may sound, it is a mesmerizing, humorous play in which Pinta's catch phase for life "laugh or cry, but don't hide your emotions" rings true.

Visually fascinating, "Tomas" seems as if Perez foresees the moment when the audience's attention may wander, and so pulls another trick from up his sleeve.

At a family dinner the mother is the only one who eats, silently scooping up mouthfuls whilst gazing into space, oblivious to her other children because she is so wrapped up in her own anguish and pain. The three climb up onto the table, desperate to attract her attention. As they do so, they knock the plates - camouflaged in the same blue as the tablecloth - to the floor. The plates fall silently, just as the children's cries for love do. No plea for help can reach their mother, as she can find no peace.

The familiar anguish of the helpless, confused parent rings true and brings the scene home. Eventually the mother dares to voice her true, selfish pain: her aspirations for her child to be handsome, popular and successful in the way she and her husband dreamed now will never be. Tomas may be happy in his world, but his mother is left frustrated and disappointed.

But the family's personal tragedy is not without redemption. Tomas, in spite of the pity he inadvertently inspires, becomes the reason behind a deepening and strengthening of his mother and father's love, both for each other and for their children.

Tomas is also responsible for creating the opportunity for his mother, godmother and uncle to work together for the first time on a large project. The play was not originally written as a script, but developed out of a series of workshops which took the book "Letters to Tomas," written by Malucha, as inspiration.

Tomas's uncle said of the production, "It was difficult at times because I saw things which I didn't know about the family before. We wanted the music to represent two worlds, a magical and a real one."

Whilst the real one is full of pain as each member of the family copes alone with this new, difficult situation, the magical one is where the answers are found. Access to this world is permitted only to the emotionally literate, to those who are honest about their feelings.

Big sister, when she faces up to her fear of Tomas - "I don't know what to do with him, he scares me"- is dressed in funky plastic pants, slouching around in typical teenager stance on the upper level stage. From here the machis, a traditional wise woman in Chile, spouts her advice, Malucha finds her calm moments, her ghost sister skips around in pigtails, and Tomas's spirit silently observes the action as his superbly long white sleeves and legs drape down into the real world below.

All the characters use various ladders to move between the two spheres, apart from Tomas who is unique in being the only one who scrambles up and down without an aid, a harsh, physical juxtaposition with his life.

Reality, however, is not so easily escaped. Dad wallows in an alcoholic stupor, ridiculing his wife's efforts to bathe Tomas in mud baths in the belief that it will cure his condition. Mum seeks solace through female company, turning her back on the days of slim hips tottering in high heels and opts instead for flowing dresses, weight gain and group menstruation in the Atacama Desert. Meanwhile the other siblings are left to get on with their growing pains alone.

Their solitude is sometimes such that we even hear Tomas's big brother declare, "Sometimes I wanted to be like him, just so you would treat me the same." Although wanting recognition, teenage coolness forces him to shake off his mum's kisses - "Ugh, mum cut it out...!"

Normalizing, humorous scenes like this one release the tension which builds up as the general scenario deteriorates, allowing the audience a giggle.

It is the mad mixture of the normal and the extreme, in the words, costumes, props, music and acting. From the oh-so-terrestrial - grooving down to earthy vibes on a self-help weekend - to the supernatural - the introduction of ghosts from the past, the constantly changing rhythm enveloped me for two and a half hours.

It is fantastic non-fiction at its finest.

La Casa Amarilla, Estacion Mapocho, every weekend until August. (56-2) 735 6167.

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THE PLAY THAT DARE NOT SPEAK ITS NAME

By Russell Hobart

We North Americans, especially those of us of the MTV Generation, are difficult to shock. Constant exposure to sundry deviant sexual and social behaviors on daytime talk shows has a sort of numbing effect. Also, the acceptance of "alternative lifestyles" has been heated, pounded and forged into the U.S. consciousness.

Chileans, by contrast, tend to have easily ruffled feathers in the lifestyle/morality department. Even the populist La Cuarta (the newspaper which feeds the public a constant diet of posterior shots of thong bathing suits), is unlikely to give us headlines like "Cross-dressing Carabineros: Black Lingerie and High Leather Boots", or "Bomberos Gay: 'I'd rather fight fires with my life-partner than with a friend.'"

Taken in this context, the play "Restos Humanos y La Verdadera Naturaleza del Amor" ("Human Remains and the True Nature of Love") is a gentle and graceful jab into the ribs of Chilean conservatism.

The play looks at the lives of those invisible Chileans who don't fit into the "Boy meets girl and they fall in love and have two kids" pattern. These characters are more like "Boy meets girl and wears her panties because they 'make him feel sexy.'" This confused mess of desire, guilt and occasional drug-use also carries a more disturbed subplot. There have been a series of murders, all women.

Appropriately the stage is centered on a large futon, where all the main scenes take place. To the left of the bed are four cubicles, donned with lights with string-switches. The four secondary actors are housed in these cubicles as they lounge in poses reminiscent of Calvin Klein ads. The lights in the cubicles are switched on and off, confirming each character's presence in a scene. Still, one gets the feeling that on some level all the protagonists are constantly aware.

Main character Daniel (Pablo Schwarz), who in the television soap opera "Oro Verde" plays a teenager with crowÕs feet and teeth that have seen 20 years of coffee and cigarettes, is a former TV actor working at a bar. Daniel is a homosexual and one of the only characters confident with his sexuality. He is not quite as confident about whom to choose as his partner. First there is Vicente (Gonzalo Munez), who pops in and out, never stating his true intentions, sexual or otherwise. Another possibility for Daniel is the young Lucas (Felipe Braun), who at eighteen is confronting burgeoning feelings of homosexuality.

Daniel's roommate and confidante is Coni (Mariana Loyola), the character whose sexuality is most ambiguous. She vacillates between the testosterone-oozing Victor (Ramon Llao) and the veteran lesbian Carla (Francisca Gavilan). Watching over them all is the prostitute, Benita (Carolina Fadic), an ironic sort of spiritual leader who sings the occasional song and updates the audience on the plot by reading aloud from a giant book.

Much of the background information is related through conversations and phone messages coming from a telephone booth, located behind the bed. Alongside the phone is a closet where players change clothes, often implying a change of mind. Rising above on the right side is a platform holding a chair. A rolling cart pushed about freely makes for the bar were many of the scenes transpire. All of this is wrapped in a Japanese style wooden cleanness.

The theater itself, the Sala Nuval in Providencia, was recently hulled out and rebuilt and looks and feels "I can still smell the paint" new. Much of the oozing mortar of the original wall is still visible under a layer of paint. The design makes for excellent acoustics, necessary for the audience to follow the complicated and abrupt scene changes.

In style alone the play is enough to kept a hyperactive child in his or her seat. Director Francisco Melo uses the whole stage, occasionally giving the feel of a tennis match as the focus shoots suddenly from, say, the bed to the bar, leaving the members of the previous scene frozen in time. These jumps from one end of the stage to the other help draw the audience into the action.

Another scene change technique uses recorded screams which indicate another murder has occurred. Although the effect is disconcerting and brings the killings to the front of your mind, the murders themselves operate as little more than a tacked-on effect, drawing attention away from what is really a compassionate humanistic drama.

The lighting, which is even and unchanging throughout the play, also utilizes the large scale of the stage and the theater. The spots on the characters are turned up only during soliloquies.

The music, which changes to fit the scene, gives the sensation of a mixed night-club (which 50 years ago might have meant a bar that isn't the Moose Lodge, but now means a bar with a mix of gays and heterosexuals).

Generally the script is even-handed in what could be a very fragile subject to deal with. The only glaring problem is that Victor, the only devout heterosexual male, is less a person than a caricature - like a young Homer Simpson with a libido and a cache of woman. Beyond this glib cliché, the ambiguities are handled gently.

Getting there is easy. The theater is located at 703 Condell. The street runs North-South off of the south side of Alameda. It´ss close to Plaza Italia to the east side. Prices are $10 for the general public, $7.50for students, and $7 with a coupon.

It's wise to dress warm and use the bathroom beforehand, as the play runs a straight one hour and forty-five minutes.

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THE SMALL HISTORY OF CHILE

By Siddhartha Baviskar

La Pequeña Historia de Chile is a play that depicts the history of a young nation called Chile as seen through the eyes of five Chilean citizens, teachers in a liceo (public school). But history is only a part, albeit an important one, of what this drama is about. For along the way, it delves into the psyche of the average middle-class chileno and lays bare the many complexes that distort his self-perception.

The two aspects that stand out in this thought-provoking play are the script and the sets. It won awards for both last year from the Asociación de Periodistas del Espectáculo (Association of Entertainment Journalists). The script was penned by the highly-acclaimed playwright and professional psychiatrist, Marco Antonio de la Parra. Through it he reveals an intimate knowledge of the appalling conditions that prevail in many of this country's liceos and provides a poignant portrayal of the way the teachers who work in them view themselves, their noble profession and, through it, their country. The sets, another tour de force , are in the experienced hands of stage-veteran Susana Bomchil. At the back of the stage are three or four gray cement statues - Balmaceda in stately repose, O'Higgins at his martial best - commemorating the heroes of this young nation. In the foreground, rickety, overturned benches, ink-stained desks, broken pieces of chalk, tattered attendance registers, wrinkled overalls and battered cupboards almost buried under layers of dust and tons of papers from past assignments. The Past lies in stark contrast to the Present.

The staging of the play comes at an opportune moment, at a time when the Frei government is trying to implement a long-postponed but vital item on its agenda: the educational reform. Surely a country that seems to have got most things economic right in the past decade or so and, indeed, is held up as an example for other developing countries in this respect, deserves better standards of education?

Yet it is that very sector, the basis of a growing economy and healthy society, that has languished from years of neglect under successive governments. The welfare state is on the retreat, but nor has it received any better treatment from the implacable market forces that seem to value on engineers, doctors and lawyers. The play offers a devastating depiction of the apathy and mediocrity that plague the public education system: five ill paid (a full-time teacher in a liceo earns only around US $600 a month), badly trained, poorly motivated and disenchanted teachers trying to function in grim and dilapidated classrooms. To make matters worse, there is an asphyxiating state bureaucracy (the educational map of Chile never arrives from the omnipotent ministerio; nor does Mr. Fredes' official letter of appointment). And students are conspicuous by their absence. As the director declares in anguish, "el liceo es un purgatorio".

Of the five teachers, there is Mr. Sanhueza, the eager bearer of ominous tidings, always short of money and caught in the vice-like grip of moneylenders. There is Mr. Fredes, young and idealistic, who returns to his old school to teach, only to have his enthusiasm shredded by his cynical colleagues. There are the two schoolmistresses, Loureiro and Muñoz, once young and now heading for a sad and bitter spinsterhood. And there is the director of the school (wonderfully acted by Sergio Aguirre), a man who has grown weary and disillusioned from years of struggling - in vain - against the odds and is preparing for death.

Indeed, la muerte (death) is often invoked. In part because it is a final escape from a life-time of misery and frustration and in part because that is one sure way of passing into History. Even if, in the eyes of the protagonists, history has not been generous with a young nation like Chile, depriving it of cultural glory and a proud collective identity. Mr. Sanhueza, in one of his frequent outbursts of operatic despair pithily sums up the national complex: "what is our country called? France? Germany? No, we are only called "Chile", a long and piquant chilly".

This play is a satire, a powerful piece of social criticism that is made easier to swallow thanks to the crisp tightness of de la Parra's script and the thread of ironic, even black, humor that runs through it.

The actors, members of the Chilean National Theater company of the Faculty of Arts of that noble public institution, the University of Chile, interact fluidly under the guidance of director Raúl Osorio, and do a competent job on the whole. The only shortcoming in their otherwise compelling performance is a tendency to overact at times. With so much gesticulation and shouting occurring simultaneously, the audience tends to miss important bits of dialogue. What finally keeps the spectators' attention riveted on the stage is the effective combination of different elements - sets, sound, lighting, and acting - that creates a haunting imagery and palpable tension in the atmosphere and an overwhelming sense of decay. Anyone interested in understanding better the Chilean people cannot afford to miss the two remaining performances of the season.

La Pequeña Historia de Chile Sala Antonio Varas, 25 Morandé Street, Santiago Center. Near Metro station Universidad de Chile on Line 1. Telephone: 6961200 (reservations) Date(s) and timing: Till 5 April; Fri., and Sat at 8.30 pm Admission: Tickets 3,600 pesos; 1,800 pesos (students, senior citizens)

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A NIGHT AT THE OPERA

By Loyce Hamilton Burns (September, 1995)

If enjoying opera is an acquired taste, don’t try to acquire it on a10.000-peso-ticket.
Santiago’s Municipal Theatre, located downtown on Calle Agustinas 794, houses the city’s Symphony Orchestra and Ballet and Opera Companies. Having been to only one opera many years ago and being a Mozart fan, I wanted to experience the Santiago opera scene firsthand with a viewing of Don Giovanni.

Getting to the Municipal Theatre involves a three-block jaunt from the Santa Lucia metro stop, giving you a great option to parking and driving downtown. Designed and restored by French architects, the Theatre is worth a visit in and of itself. Charles Garnier, the architect of the Paris Opera, approved the Theatre’s original plans. It first opened in 1857.
I figured 25 dollars would buy a decent seat, but when the usher led me out the front entrance to an obscure side entryway, I knew I was in for a surprise.

After climbing up several flights of stairs, I found myself seated in the final row of the "antiteatro general" (center of back balcony), about as far from the stage as one could sit. While I could see almost all of the stage, I sat too far away to really participate in the drama.

The arch of the balcony completely obstructed a screen that conveniently translated the Italian dialogue to Spanish. The wooden block that served as my seat felt harder as the night wore on, and being up so high up and boxed-in made for a hot and stuffy evening. None of these details were too unbearable of themselves, but added all together and after 3 1/2 hours, they dropped the enjoyment value measurably.

The ticket prices for Giovanni varied. While I seemed to be situated in the back alley of the theatre, there were actually seats priced lower than mine. I didn’t see the location of the 4.200-peso-seats, but based on my experience, they were probably behind a wall or somewhere with very obstructed viewing. The ticket prices above 10.000 pesos jumped to 25.000 pesos and up.

Even though Don Giovanni didn’t move me from a curious observer to an avid opera goer, I fully appreciated the wonderful stage sets, flamboyant costumes, and colorful acting. The Symphony played Mozart’s piece with expertise and flare. The whole experience interested me enough to give opera another try sometime in the future.

If you are a novice like me or simply unknowledgable about the Municipal Theatre, I offer these recommendations: purchase your tickets in advance after first looking at a schema of the seating arrangement, read the opera ahead of time, upgrade if it makes the difference between obstructed or unobstructed viewing (It will be worth it!), and enjoy!!

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"EL DESQUITEe"

By Siddhartha Baviskar (9/27/96)

"El Desquite" (The Revenge) is one of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful plays currently running in Santiago. Based on a posthumous work by Chile’s literary genius, don Roberto Parra, it is staged by the company Teatro Sombrero Verde whose members played the leading roles in "La Negra Ester", another magnum opus by the same author.
The play is set in Chillan of the 1920s and vividly narrates the story of an orphan, Anita, who is sold to the house of a powerful and lecherous local patron by her wretched and rapacious god-parents in order that she look after his bedridden wife. Once the wife is dead and out of the way, the innocent and unsuspecting girl is then lured to her master’s bed with promises of love and ultimate respectability as his future wife where she is stripped of both her innocence and her honor. She is finally kicked out by the heartless brute when he finds out that she is pregnant. The poor waif finds succor in the hospitable home of a peasant, don Pedro, where she plots her revenge on the father of her child with the help of the peasant’s kind daughter, Carmencita who is desired by the lustful landowner but whose heart lies with another.

The play stands out for its authentic portrayal of the real chilenidad that is still to be found in this country if you bother to venture beyond all the hi-rise buildings and glittering shopping malls into the countryside. That it should achieve this so effectively and with such warmth and honesty is due, in no small part, to the universal characters that it projects - the lustful and dominating patron, the generous peasant overcome by greed, the naive woman-child, the coarse affection of the village brute - and the unerring instinct shown by the very talented cast in slipping into their chosen roles. Indeed, the versatility of the actors is amply emphasized as just seven of them share as many as eighteen character parts!

Maria Izquierdo, an award-winning actress gifted with a clear, mellifluous voice, dazzles once again in the role of Carmencita, the simple village singer, and does not let down the work’s creator who made a shrewd choice when he indicated that she would fit the role to perfection. Willy Semler, Aldo Parodi and Boris Quercia - widely respected stage personalities - are very convincing as don Pablo Casas Cordero, don Pedro and Guillermo, respectively, while Daniel Muñoz effortlessly switches roles, from that of Carmencita’s mother to that of her beloved, Miguel. The find of the play is undoubtedly young Carola Gimeno who takes on the difficult role of the orphan Anita with an ease that belies her inexperience. Only Moira Miller failed to convince as don Pablo’s ailing wife.

The rural ambiance, which absorbs the spectator from the very first minute, is effectively recreated by Juan Carlos Castillo in some 20 meters of enclosed space that undergoes the most fluid transformations, from the mansion of a wealthy patron to the cold, wet countryside and to the lively cantina of a poor peasant. One scene merges into another and the overlapping of time and space constantly defies lineality. The hiss and crackle of kitchen fires, the grunting of animals, the wailing of humans all combine with the ceaseless strumming of guitars in the background, creating an air of intimacy. The audience becomes an eager witness to the tumultuous goings-on and an eager, if passive, accomplice in the revenge that is plotted.

The music, in the hands of the veteran Mario Rojas, ably assisted by Simon Poblete, is not confined to the guitar alone but incorporates a gamut of sounds to evoke the the bucolic life of Old Chillan. The works of the poet Parra can never be devoid of songs and this play is no exception.

It is only some three hours later that the audience is liberated from the spell; around 180 minutes that glide past unnoticed thanks to the absorbing events unfolding on stage and the freshly baked home-made bread with cheese that can be devoured in the interval and washed down with a warm navegado wine, all at a reasonable price.

Andres Perez, the man under whose creative vision Roberto Parra’s literary piece was transformed into a play, shows once again how well he knows his land and its people and just why he is considered a first-rate director in Chile and in Europe.

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"FROM ONE TO TEN .... TELL ME HOW MUCH YOU LOVE ME."

By Ivonne Butler de James

An eccentric, insecure psychiatrist patiently listens to his client, a hysterical woman, rambling on about converting her husband into a doormat. He, meanwhile, fantasizes about a beautiful Spanish woman, though we are never quite sure if his thoughts are fantasies or actual memory. Two men sit on a street bench discussing women, infidelity, and separation while a third man joins them carrying a suitcase. "How long has it been since you left her", they knowingly ask him. These are but a few of the private and very human exchanges we see at "De uno a diez...Dime cuànto me quieres?", the most recent play by Teatro Aparte.

Teatro Aparte is a theater group of three men and three women, who have been together for approximately seven years. They describe themselves as a "grupo colectivo", referring to the fact that all their plays are written by them jointly. Each play is a collective creation.

The idea, as explained by Elena Muñoz, is to discover their own unique language as a whole and arrive at a piece which has internal coherence.

"We sit around and discuss different topics and draw upon our own personal experiences", said Elena. Their previous play, "Quièn me escondiò los zapatos negros?", was autobiographical and captured this style. At the time, they had all turned 30, found themselves at a crossroads, and wrote a piece about their life experiences from infancy to their early years at the university. They drew from events in their community, both trivial and significant, which occurred during that time and had a lasting effect on them. "It was a piece about our experiences as part of a generation, so we never delved deeply into the topic of couples", described Elena. Thus the idea to write about couples was born resulting in "De uno a diez."

This play, about couples and relationships from both a female and a male perspective, draws upon the idiosyncrasies that form both the intricate and mundane relations between a man and a woman. Some may argue that this theme is antiquated and has been dissected time and again, yet it is still a topic that is intriguing and fascinating. De uno a diez..."Dime cuànto me quieres?" manages to capture and keep our interest because it is so real and planted in banal themes that ring true. A husband and wife, for example, argue over lint balls on his socks. This is but the tip of the iceberg that uncovers larger and more serious issues that they face and ones that we are privy to.

This piece is a comedy. It is also tragic. There is nothing funny about a young couple dealing with separation. "Does it continue to be the best and worst thing you have done in your life?", asked the lonely wife. A man, the one we first met sitting on the street bench, kills his wife because her excessive nagging was driving him crazy. It is this capacity to look at disturbing scenes in a humorous way that is moving and keeps us hooked.

"This conflictive aspect we present", said the director, "is natural and cannot be ignored." Through the characters' discussions of infidelity, miscommunication, and regrets, the play also succeeds at seriously analyzing couples of all ages.

The fact that the characters are everyday people, easily recognizable, and ones we can identify with, lends to the success of the play. "We are a realistic theater", said Magdalena Max-Neef, "it is not abstract...we don’t use special effects or surreal ideas, just plain everyday people and events."

The play is a humorist collage of several couples presented as a collection of short vignettes. The audience, on several occasions, is drawn into a scene when a character turns to them seeking reassurance or approval for a point they have made. This style, called aparte , is used often throughout the play, and it gives root to their choice of theater name. The set is simple, the main prop being the matrimonial bed, and set against a backdrop of large imposing cartoon-style murals depicting couples and Indonesian angels.

De uno a diez..."Dime cuànto me quieres?" opened last year in March and has been the longest running play in Chile. It is directed by Rodrigo Bastidas who is a member of Teatro Aparte and also a character in the play. It is showing at El Conventillo on Bellavista 173 from Thursday to Sunday (half price on Thursday, $2,500). For reservations and times, call 777 4164. If you have any misgivings about seeing a play in Spanish, lay them to rest. Even though you may miss some of what is being said, you will identify with the themes and find humor in the gestures and expressions. Don’t let language barriers prevent you from seeing it. This presentation transcends both language and culture.

"Despite all the problems related to the couple and to relationships, human beings always aspire to be in one. We are not calm until we have found it", said Rodrigo.

Maybe this is why we are never bored with this topic.

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WHAT A CIRCUS!

By Siddhartha Baviskar

It isn't a circus exactly. "Circus" instantly conjures up images of: an enormous canopy; bright lights; a loud orchestra; lions jumping meekly on stools at the crack of a whip; elephants playing football; sequined acrobats performing daredevil stunts; and clowns with big round noses and even bigger feet indulging in their usual antics. That kind of circus, one would suppose, is only for children.

This one doesn't boast of any of the above elements, and it yet it appeals to every kind of audience for the feelings, vitality, imagination and creativity that it contains and the stirring emotions that it provokes. Que Cir Que is the name of the show offered by a one woman-two men team of French artistes. Emmanuelle Jacqueline, Hyacinthe Reich and Jean-Paul Lefeuvre are back in Chile some four years after they delighted audiences as members of "Cirque O". Cirque O broke up soon after but - thank God! - Que Cir Que was born. Trained at France's National Center for the Circus Arts, the troupe borrows from the old French circus tradition to provide a show garbed in a modern aesthetic and new ideas.

Their concept of circus - a perfect circular continuum in which endings are beginnings - is clearly embodied in their carefully thought-out production. All its elements, the tent, the floor, the accessories used, the costumes, the background music and the very movements of the performers, testify to . So too the themes underlying their routines and the way they perceive and provoke the audience.

The tent, conceived and designed by Christophe Gärtner, is round, white and small. With a capacity for some 450 people squeezed together, it was made to generate a sense of intimacy between the members of the audience and to create an instant rapport between performers and public. The accessories used are apparently all ordinary objects of every-day use - a wooden mast that rises from the center of the floor, a broom, ropes, a see-saw, a bicycle, a wheel and a ring. The costumes are simple, one-color pieces - black, brown and white - that are discrete, low-profile and only serve to enhance the minimalist conception of their art. Perhaps Jean-Paul Lefeuvre embodies this concept best, clad as he is in nothing more than a pair of briefs whose whiteness blends naturally with his own pale complexion. The music, which ranges from techno to jazz-pop is taped though complemented at places with improvised primal sounds created by the performers themselves.

From the very moment the spotlight targets a circular opening at the center of the floor through which a long white human arm and cautiously takes in the surroundings as if it had a life of its own before finally coming out of its underground lair and bringing with it its rightful owner onto the surface, the audience sits spell-bound. What comes next and continues for the next one and a half hours or so is a sublime mix that provokes curiosity, wonder, awe and sheer delight among those assembled. Litheness of body, lightness of motion; mirthful contortions and explosion of emotions. these words would sum up well the spectacle. The sentiments that they artistes seek to express in their short acts are as basic as they are universal: Power, love, jealousy, anger, contentment and laughter.

First there is a fierce contest between Jean-Paul and Hyacinthe, each balanced at opposite ends of a semi-circular see-saw , each vying to get closer to Emmanuelle and blow out the candles held in her hand. Then there is a wonderful sequence that caricatures the man-object relationship. A Jean-Paul molded to a broom! He, with a shaved head and an expression of heroic stoicism plastered on his face combines very effectively with the dynamic, aggressive attitude of Hyacinthe. Even when they do not resort to slapstick, they seem to represent an old and endearing duo: Jean-Paul is Laurel to Hyacinthe's Hardy. Emmanuelle also surprises with her grace and fluidity, resembling a gazelle in flight as she goes round and round the stage, hanging from a low trapeze and using her arms to propel herself. In Que Cir Que the incredible strength and dexterity of the performers and their remarkable physical prowess and feats are not an end in themselves; they are the means, deployed simply yet with a devastating imagination, with which the performers seek to strike a chord in the public. And do they succeed! To know why, you have to see the show. As producer Ueli Hirzel puts it, "Que Cir Que cannot be explained. It is something you have to see and experience".

Que-Cir-Que Till 13 April 1997 at Plaza Poniente Centro Cultural Estación Mapocho. Estacionamiento Parque de los Reyes. Opposite Metro station Cal y Canto on Line 2. Telephone: 672 0347. Friday and Saturday at 9 pm. Sunday at 8 pm. Tickets: 4,000 pesos (general public) and 2,000 pesos (students and senior citizens). Note: If you intend to buy tickets before the show on a weekend day, make sure you come well in time. If not, you may just find yourself ticketless and stranded, together with a small army of like-minded Chileans!

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LOS HUASOS QUINCHEROS

By Loyce Hamilton Burns

Los Huasos Quincheros, a quintessentially "Chilean" musical group, also enjoy international renown. The group has performed in Japan, Russia, Germany and twenty other countries. They will be giving a special benefit performance for the North American community August 12, 7:30 p.m. at Santiago College in Providencia. Los Huasos Quincheros date back more than half a century.

In 1937 four Catholic University students began playing the popular music of the time as well as the traditional music of the past. Their reputation grew steadily, to greater and greater public acclaim.

While retirement, death and illness have altered the group's composition, their efforts to kept alive the music handed down from generation to generation have not changed. They have become a tradition in their own right, an embodiment of Chilean folk music tradition.

Today's group -- Benjamin Mackenna, Ricardo Videla, Patricio Reyes and Sergio Sauvalle -- wear the unique garb of the old time Chilean cowboys: colorful ponchos, broad sombreros, ornate spurs and chaps. Strumming their guitar strings, they sing the lyrics of an era gone by. Guitarist and singer Ricardo Videla says it is difficult to define what makes the group's music uniquely Chilean. But what is certain, he says, is the group's desire to keep Chilean folk music traditions alive.

"The young people today are not familiar with the music because it is no longer a part of the school curriculum and is not often aired on the radio or television," says Videla. "We are afraid this folk music will disappear, and it is a part of Chilean culture that we want to share and see continue."

He adds that the group's music originated from the old-time cowboys getting together at night around the campfire and spontaneously composing songs about their loved ones and their country lives."

Folk music, like many of the arts, can be diluted with descriptions, definitions and analysis. But to really understand what the music is all about, you have to experience it: getting swept up in the rhythm of the sounds, the feeling of something old, yet timeless; the sense of roots and beginnings, and the visual splendor. That is part of the fun of experiencing Los Huasos Quincheros perform.

In addition to perpetuating meaningful Chilean music traditions, the group performs for many benefit concerts.
Their August 12 engagement, organized by Wendy Fernandez and Barbara Carragher in cooperation with the American Association of Chile, will aid the Casa Nacional del Nino. This home serves as a temporary observation and diagnostic center for infants and preschoolers that have been abandoned, or that await adoption, or that have difficult family situations requiring assessment and remedy. Proceeds from the concert go to the purchase of equipment and and materials necessary for the Casa's diagnostic and therapy rooms.

Your participation in this event will not only give you insight into Chile's folk traditions, but will also contribute to a facility dedicated to helping needy children. Together with the music there will be traditional dancing and a recital by famous folklorist Margot Loyola. The Santiago Suzuki group will play during intermission and refreshments are included as part of the 3000 pesos cover charge.

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LOS TRES

Siddhartha Baviskar, 7-12-96

To refer to Los Tres simply as Chile's leading contemporary pop group is quite inadequate. For one thing, the group has long crossed regional and national frontiers since its creation towards the end of the ’80s in the southern city of Concepcion. For a group so young, Los Tres earned a singular honor last year when it became the first and only Chilean group to record an unplugged album for MTV. And secondly, their music defies easy classification and could best be described as a provocative amalgam of wide-ranging styles, from the sentimental ballads and boleros that go down so well with Chilean audiences through diverse forms of rock, to fox-trot, funk, cueca (the national dance music), and even disco.

This eclecticism is as an excellent vehicle for the group to display their sparkling instrumental virtuosity and remarkable versatility as they combine, with surprising grace, their own original compositions with covers of past greats such as Buddy Richard and Velvet Underground. It also reflects the confluence of diverse musical influences that they have absorbed since their creation.

Who, then, are Los Tres? Of course, Los Tres, meaning «three,» are really four: Alvaro Henriquez on vocals and guitar; Angel Parra, member of the renowned Parra clan, on guitar; Roberto «Titae» Lindl on double bass, and Francisco «Pancho» Molina on drums and percussion. They are supported by Cuti Aste on accordeon and Antonio Restucci on mandolin.
The overwhelming success of the group at the international 1996 summer festival at Viña del Mar only underlined their status as Chile’s top musical phenomenon. The enviable rapport they achieved with the demanding public at Viña was on full view at Teatro California last Friday. With a relaxed, laid back style on stage, the Los Tres simply let their music do their talking for them. Henriquez briefly flirts with the youthful public at one moment, drawing sighs and shrieks from the young women, before using his boyish tenor to charm the audience. Parra, a virtuoso on the guitar, plays jazz with the «Angel Parra Trio» when he isn’t backing Henriquez on stage. Roberto Lindl plucks the strings of his double bass with a fervor that is backed solidly by the training in classical music that he received here and in Austria, while Pancho Molina accompanies them ably on the drums.

That Los Tres should appeal to such diverse audiences is surely due to their ability to express the apathy, insecurity, nostalgia and cultural angst that has so marked Chilean society in the painful transition to a neo-liberal society. But even as evocative lyrics make you gaze wistfully upon the past, there is a clear recognition of the need to adapt to new times. Los Tres communicate so effectively because of their infectious melodies, tongue-in-cheek lyrics rich in word-play, laced with irony and irreverent humor and, above all, their unerring instinct to gauge the mood of the nation: «San Antonio, London and New York, all in one single product» as someone pithily observed.

On Friday night the quartet launched briskly into their most popular numbers: from the transcendental mysticism of «Dejate Caer», to the bolero «Un Amor Violento», to the strident anti-military protest of «La Primera Vez» and «La Espada y la Pared» preceded by an Elvis number, and finally to the legendary cueca «El Arrepentido», the first of four that were performed. The audience which had sung themselves hoarse by then, now accompanied the accordeon with a steady, rhythmic clapping. But Los Tres had a surprise in store - as usual - when they responded to cries of Encore! that rent the theatre at the end: a straight-faced parody of Barry Manilow’s late ´70s number, «Copacabana». And finally, the group ceremoniously withdrew from the stage to the music of «Russian Dance».

What Los Tres provide is intelligent music without being pretentious and without bowing to the demands of crass commercialization. Indeed, their hall-mark is their authenticity and that is why they have succeeded in almost single-handily resurrecting the almost extinct folkloric tradition of the cueca, evoking a nostalgia for the underworld of Chilean popular culture whose best representative was Angel's great-uncle, Roberto Parra. It was to his creative genius and intellectual honesty that Los Tres paid homage once more.

Los Tres have proved that in an age of fickle tastes and jaded appetites, it is all the more important to be original, innovative and, above all, authentic.

Los Tres on cassette and compact disc: Los Tres, Se Remata el Siglo, La Espada y la Pared, and Los Tres. Unplugged. The most popular songs are to be found on Los Tres and La Espada y la Pared while the acoustic version done live in Miami continues to sell like hot cakes.

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